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Some " designer drugs " may be in a effectual grey area , but their action on the brain are similar to those of illegal drugs and could be just as dangerous , young research suggests .
" It ’s crucial to know what the drug are doing in the brain so we can read about tenacious - terminus adverse effects , but it can also help to develop strategies for remedy of symptoms of overdose , " field of study researcher Michael Baumann , of the National Institute on Drug Abuse , told LiveScience . " It ’s important that each of thesedesigner drugsis examined cautiously , because each one of them has unique pharmacology , " and therefore unique effects .
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The researchers contemplate two popular intriguer drugs , mephedrone and methylone , analogs of cathinone , a drug find in the plantCatha edulis . The drug enter the drug scene in the 2000s with innocuous names like " bath salts " or " plant food for thought . " These drugs originally strike down into a sound grayish country because they were n’t specifically regulated on a federal level , but in October 2011 they were temporarily classified as illegal , schedule one drugs .
Brain on drug
Previous study on these drugs indicate they may work like MDMA ( aka " exaltation " ) — they increase levels of " experience - secure " brain chemical substance like dopamine and serotonin , which are released from the brainiac ’s wages center when we do something that would help oneself our survival of the fittest and procreation , like cause sex or eating .
Illegal drugs likemethamphetamineand ecstasy exit large amounts of these chemicals , several times large than those of course released , which create the " high " users finger .
Each drug has specific effect on brain chemistry , though . drug like MDMA do big serotonin spikes , while methamphetamine final result in a larger dopamine capitulum . The serotonin spike from MDMA can ensue in what doctors call " serotonin syndrome , " which can be lethal . The Dopastat stiletto heel , however , is more riding habit - formingand resolution in more addictive drugs .
Raving rats
The researchers studied four groups of rat , each given one of four drugs : one of the two interior decorator drug , MDMA or methamphetamine . The rats were given doses equal to what an modal user would take for their exercising weight and body size . The team also analyzed how higher dosage ( as would happen in an overdose ) and repeated Venus’s curse impacted the rats ' conduct and brain activity . The researchers watch that the rats ' brains reacted to the two designer drug as they did MDMA , with greater growth in serotonin than dopamine .
There were important deviation between the drugs . Even weeks after exposure , serotonin levels in the brains of squealer given MDMA had made only about a 50 - percent convalescence back to normal , while the encephalon chemistry of strikebreaker give mephedrone and methylone had riposte to normal .
The rat also did n’t show the brain alchemy or strong-arm behaviour associate with serotonin syndrome , including the overheating that causes serotonin depletion , but the researchers are n’t ruling outother long - term and penetrative effectsthough modification to other wit chemical .
" The two drugs have a standardised profile of action , but the difference is that the methylone is weaker , " Baumann said . " You would need more of the drug to have a particular effect . "
Human implications
Rats are n’t humans , note Fabrizio Schifano , a researcher who was n’t involve in the study from the University of Hertfordshire , in the United Kingdom , but he thinks the paper is very interesting . " The paper adds relevant info to the existing lit , in the common sense that it is able to better describe the mechanism of action mechanism of mephedrone and methylone in equivalence with MDMA , " Schifano assure LiveScience in an electronic mail .
He also admonish that though these graphic designer drug seem to have few foresighted - term effects than MDMA , researchers still have a lot of concerns about mephedrone toxicity , andthe drugs ' potential for dependency .
Baumann also caution that street drugs are n’t shape , which causes other problems . " When you get them off the Internet , you do n’t know the whiteness or the mental object of these drug , " he said . " In gain to playing Russian roulette with your learning ability chemical science you do n’t really know what you are getting . "
The written report was put out today ( Dec. 14 ) in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology .
