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As if hidden from the paleo tooth fairy , a lone molar belonging to a hoofed mammal stay tucked beneath a pillow of volcanic rock candy in central India for more than 65 million years . late uncovered , the tooth precede similar dodo found across the globe .
The dental discovery spill Light Within on the evolution of adaptations that allow a group of mammalian call ungulates to prosper as expert grazers . It also suggests , allot to freshly published inquiry on the tooth , that the Indian subcontinent could be the point of origin of many grouping of mammals . The lower right molar , about half the size of an ant ( 2.5 millimeters long ) , was rule embedded in central India ’s Deccan volcanic flows . The researchers forecast the tooth dates back to the former Cretaceous period ( 144 million to 65 million class ago ) , a clock time when India was not connect with other continents and dinosaur still walked the Earth .
The fossil belonged to a new species of ungulate dubbedKharmerungulatum vanvaleni , a hoofed animal related to advanced horses , cows , copper , sheep and deer . And it interpret the oldest sleep with evidence for the so - called antediluvian ungulates ( small , crude hoof it mammals ) , prey by zillion of year the explosion ofmammalian lifethat occurred during Paleocene Epoch , from 65 million to nearly 55 million years ago .
" Until now , the known fogy record of [ the ] oldest archaic ungulates or reckon ascendant of living ungulates comes from the Early Paleocene of North America , " Guntupalli Prasad of the University of Jammu in India toldLiveScience . He is the lead author of the tooth study , detail in the Nov. 9 issue of the journalScience .
Theteeth of mammalsliving during the belated Cretaceous , Prasad remark , broadly speaking boast sharp and pointy cusps and , over evolutionary time , dental modifications led to expert grinders . However , the tooth of the new mammalian was flat and blanket , suggesting it was already accommodate for crunch grass rather than for shoot through meaty meals .
" We considerKharmerungulatumto represent an early stage in the evolution of ungulates , " Prasad and his colleagues write .
